Annotated Bibliography


Assistive Technology in the Library Setting


ASCLA. (2013). Think Accessible Before You Buy: Questions to Ask to Ensure that the Electronic Resources Your Library Plans to Purchase are Accessible. An ASCLA Toolkit. http://www.ala.org/ascla/asclaprotools/thinkaccessible/default.
The Association of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies, (ASCLA) is a division of the ALA.  The purpose of the ASCLA is to assist libraries in serving diverse populations of users.  To  that end, the ASCLA has developed this “tool kit,” which is really a series of checklists to help libraries analyze if products they are purchasing for their library will be accessible to people with disabilities.  There is a check list for internet and web accessibility as well as one for computer software.  The lists guide decision makers through a series of questions to ask of vendors (such as if color settings can be set for high contrast to aid patrons with low vision or are the captions in synch with the video?) There is also a very helpful glossary of accessibility terms on the home page.


Caban. J. (2000).  Center On Disabilities
Technology And Persons With Disabilities Conference 2000: Alternatives for Access and Use of Spanish Language Assistive Technology Equipment by Individuals with Visual Disabilities.   
This is an excerpt from conference proceedings in 2000, so it is a bit dated, but is rare in its subject matter—assistive technology that is accessible to Spanish-speakers.  Hispanics make up a growing (16% currently) percentage of the U.S. population and of that, 34% say they do not speak English well.  Hispanics, nationally are underserved in libraries and that goes doubly for disabled Hispanics. Caban, a blind information specialist in Puerto Rico, points out the disadvantage non-English speaking disabled people have in libraries.  Helpfully, he does list the AT that can be utilized in Spanish now.  This brief piece is an eye-opener, calling for thoughtful service to all library patrons.


DoIT Helpdesk. Division of Information Technology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.  (2010). Accessibility-Assistive Technology (AT) Examples and Resources.
        This is a quick reference guide prepared by Joshua Hori, Assistive Technology Computer Resource Specialist at the Student Disability Center at the University of California, Davis.  It is a great resource presents a fairly comprehensive list of assistive technology (AT) available to aid patrons with disabilities.  It provides links to all types of AT-from joysticks to special keyboards to accessibility Wizard for Windows XP.  There are links to videos on Mac accessibility and a handy free site for open source apps that are accessible from a USB drive-which solves the licensing issues that can arise with needing to put certain software on more than one computer.  There are many types of AT listed and linked that libraries might not consider at first glance, yet could prove extremely helpful to patrons with little monetary investment (such as a free auto screen reader, alternative mouse options such a trackballs, and visual aids like whiteboards). 


Guder, C. S., & Booth, C. (2012). Making the Right Decisions about Assistive Technology in Your Library. Library Technology Reports, 48(7), 14-21.
This article is a very good introduction to the types of assistive technology often implemented in libraries.  It goes over the basics of what assistive technology is and why it is important in the library, and briefly explains the most common types of assistive technology.  Guder points out the importance of thinking about your community and the needs of patrons.  He also includes a section on marketing your technology to patrons and discusses very practical matters, like physically setting up the space where the equipment will be used.


Hopkins, J. (2004). School Library Accessibility: The Role of Assistive Technology. Teacher Librarian, 31(3), 15-18.
Hopkins is a leading authority on assistive technology in the school library setting.  Her ideas and research is applicable to other library settings, as well.  She discusses the psychological reasons that AT is helpful to young people with disabilities—something to keep in mind for patrons of all ages, as well.  Using AT to access information and enjoy literature can be a huge boost to one’s self-esteem and foster a sense of independence and achievement, especially for patrons with disabilities who are used to being dependent on others.  It can motivate people to set higher goals for themselves and increase their confidence.  This perspective on AT is insightful—libraries should not only provide AT because it is federally mandated that they provide equal services to all patrons, regardless of ability, but also because it truly enriches patron’s lives.
         Hopkins focus is on school libraries, but her “10 ideas for addressing library accessibility issues for students with disabilities” are useful in any library setting.  They include things like seeking out AT experts in your community and getting advice from them and becoming familiar with accessibility features already built-in to your computer systems.


Institute on Disabilities at Temple University. (2013).Pennsylvania's Assistive Technology Lending Library.
This is the website for Pennsylvania’s Assistive Technology Lending Library, which lends assistive technology to any Pennsylvanian resident free of charge.  It is funded through a variety of state governmental offices and administered through the Institute on Disabilities at Temple University.  Items that can be barrowed include things like: braille note takers, touch-screen converters for Macs, digital book talkers, screen enlargers—there is a huge variety—and there are items for home and work use, not just library and educational use.  This unique program lends over 3700 devices a year, which enables many people to access AT who would not be able to afford the cost on their own.  It is not specifically designed for libraries, but could be a good resource, especially in Pennsylvania, for library patrons to be able to test out a product before requesting its addition it to the collection.  It is also an unusual and inspiring kind of library.


Mates, B. (2010). Twenty Years of Assistive Technologies: Celebrating 20 years of American with Disabilities Act. American Libraries Magazine.
In 2010 the United States celebrated the twentieth anniversary of the American’s With Disabilities Act, which accorded disabled people the same rights as everyone else.  Mates points out that it is a Federal mandate to provide equal services at a public library.  She also makes the point that over half of the U.S.’s disable population is unemployed.  Stressing the importance of providing equal service to this underserved group, Mates offers links to ASCLA (the inclusion division of the ALA) tip sheets on working with the disabled at the library, along with useful pointers.  She also briefly examines different types of assistive technology in the library, and introduces such things as video relay communication, which enables sign-language users to have a conversation with non-users.  This technology is actually provided, free of charge, to libraries by the corporation that created it.  This is a very brief, but informative post that brings up the libraries need to serve the disabled population and outlines manners in which libraries can begin to implement assistive technology.


Missouri State Library. (2011).  Assistive Technology for Libraries.
Produced by the Missouri Institute of Mental Health and funded by a grant from the Missouri State Library, this video is a very accessible introduction to assistive technology in the library setting, demonstrating AT in use.  It covers what AT is, how it can help serve library patrons, and goes over various types of AT that libraries can implement.  It also emphasizes the importance of training staff to beware of disabilities and how to sensitively aid patrons in using AT.  The video is helpful to libraries that are beginning to purchase or expand their AT collection because it lays out a plan for simple devices to buy first, how to do a needs assessment, and where to look for ideas and input when building the collection.  It also discusses marketing and partnering with agencies that serve the disabled in the community.


Raine, L. et all. (2003).  The Ever-Shifting Internet Population: A new look at Internet access and the digital divide. PEW Internet: An American Life Project. 
This is a report detailing the findings of the PEW Internet and American Life Project that looked at who, in the U.S., are the users and non-users of the internet.  The results that are brought up when discussing the digital divide are echoed here (wealthy use it more than economically disadvantaged, young people more than older people, whites more than minorities, and so forth.)  But the relevant findings to the discussion of providing accessible technology in the library show that 38% of disabled people use the internet compared with 58% of non-disabled people.  And, 28% of disabled people say that their disability prevents them from going online.


W3C. (2013). Web Accessibility Initiative
This is a very helpful website for ideas, tips, and suggestions on how to make a website more usable for people with disabilities.  There is an explanation of how people with disabilities use the web, which is insightful and gives developers and planners thinks to think about when creating a site.  The website accessibility initiative points out that when designing for inclusion, it is important to think about the needs of aging users.  This is a vital reminder to expand out thinking about accessibility outside of our traditional mindset and look at how libraries can provide better services for a greater percentage of the population. 
This site is the place to go for tools and detailed explanations of how to improve websites for people with disabilities, how to make mobile applications friendly to disabled users, and how to best serve aging populations through easy-to-use internet technology.  For example, it discusses how to make captions more readily understandable for someone using a screen reader, suggestions like ensuring users have adequate time to understand the content that is displayed, and ideas for creating content that is not entirely text-dependent.

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